March 22, 2010

Bibliography etc. etc. etc.

“Huron Indian Tribe History." Access Genealogy: A Free Genealogy Resource. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. .
http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/huron/huronhist.htm


"Native American Indian Legends - Huron Creation Myth - Wyandot (Huron)." First People of America and Canada
Native American Indians. Turtle Island. Legends, Treaties, Clipart. Web. 22 Mar. 2010.
http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/Huron-Creation-Myth-Wyandot.html
"The Huron Indians." Essortment Articles: Free Online Articles on Health, Science, Education & More.. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. http://www.essortment.com/all/huronindians_rjru.htm


"Wyandot." Minnesota State University, Mankato. Web. 22 Mar. 2010.
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/huron.html

With assistance from: 
Dougherty, Kevin. 2008. The Huron-Wendat: Proud of their past, focused on the future. Beaver 88(1):21.
and

Otterbein, Keith F. 1980. Huron vs. Iroquois: A Case Study in Inter-Tribal Warfare.
SUNY/Buffalo 1-13




Please note: All the photograph's citations are under each photo, except the watercolor, on that one, just click! 

Please note: I am not a Wyandot expert... I am just a student. Thank you. 

Where are they now?


Starting in 1812, actually following the War of 1812, there seemed to be a push of the native people in the Ontario area north. Same with most other native cultures, they were pushed out of their beautiful firtile land and into a place that they are unfamiliar with. 

“The 1830 Indian Removal act took more of the Huron’s land. In 1842 they were moved to Kansas. When Kansas was opened to white settlement, more of their diminishing reservation land was taken from them. Today there are about 4,000 Huron in the United States and Canada. They are known today as the Wyandot. (The Huron Indians) 



http://www.tmealf.com/Wyandot%20Nation.jpg




"The old estimates of Huron population have been previously given. After the dispersal of the Huron tribes in 1649-50, the Hurons who fled west never seem to have exceeded 500 persons in one body. Later estimates are 1,000, with 300 more at Lorette (1736), 500 (1748), 850 (1748), 1,250 (1765), 1,500(1794-95),1,000 ((1812), 1,250 (1812). Only the first of these estimates is inclusive of the " Hurons of Lorette," Quebec, who were estimated at 300 in 1736, but at 455, officially, in 1904. In 1885 those in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) numbered 251, and in 1905, 378, making a total of 832 in Canada and the United States." (Huron Indian Tribe History)


So the Huron has slowly died out, and its not as prosperous as they once were. Which is sad because the Huron where a beautiful culture just like the majority of Native American people were, and most of them are gone. 



http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/1329.jpg

Creation


"A Wyandot (Huron) Legend of Creation: 
In the beginning there was only one water and the water animals that lived in it.
Then a woman fell from a torn place in the sky. She was a divine woman, full of power. Two loons flying over the water saw her falling. They flew under her, close together, making a pillow for her to sit on.
The loons held her up and cried for help. They could be heard for a long way as they called for other animals to come.
The snapping turtle called all the other animals to aid in saving the divine woman's life.
The animals decided the woman needed earth to live on.
Turtle said, "Dive down in the water and bring up some earth."
So they did that, those animals. A beaver went down. A muskrat went down. Others stayed down too long, and they died.
Each time, Turtle looked inside their mouths when they came up, but there was no earth to be found.
Toad went under the water. He stayed too long, and he nearly died. But when Turtle looked inside Toad's mouth, he found a little earth. The woman took it and put it all around on Turtle's shell. That was the start of the earth.
Dry land grew until it formed a country, then another country, and all the earth.. To this day, Turtle holds up the earth.
Time passed, and the divine woman had twin boys. They were opposites, her sons. One was good, and one was bad. One was born as children are usually born, in a normal way. But the other one broke out of his mother's side, and she died.
When the divine woman was buried, all of the plants needed for life on earth sprang from the ground above her. From her head came the pumpkin vine. Maize came from her chest. Pole beans grew from her legs.
The divine woman's sons grew up. The evil one was Tawis-karong. The good one was Tijus-kaha. They were to prepare the earth so that humans could live on it. But they found they could not live together. And so they separated, with each one taking his own portion of the earth to prepare.
The bad brother, Tawis-karong, made monstrous animals, fierce and terrifying. He made wolves and bears, and snakes of giant size. He made mosquitoes huge, the size of wild turkeys. And he made an enormous toad. It drank up the fresh water that was on the earth. All of it.
The good brother, Tijus-kaha, made proper animals that were of use to human beings. He made the dove, and the mockingbird, and the partridge. And one day, the partridge flew toward the land of Tawis-karong.
"Why do you go there?" Tijus-kaha asked the partridge.
"I go because there is no water. And I hear there is some in your brother's land," said the partridge.
Tijus-kaha didn't believe the bird. So he followed, and finally he came to his evil brother's land. He saw all of the outlandish, giant animals his brother had made. Tijus-kaha didn't beat them down.
And then he saw the giant toad. He cut it open. Out came the earth's fresh water. Tijus-kaha didn't kill any [more] of his brother's creations. But he made them smaller, of normal size so that human beings could be leaders over them.
His mother's spirit came to Tijus-kaha in a dream. She warned him about his evil brother. And sure enough, one day, the two brothers had to come face to face. They decided they could not share the earth. They would have a duel to see who would be master of the world.
Each had to overcome the other with a single weapon. Tijus-kaha, the good, could only be killing if beaten to death with a bag full of corn or beans. The evil brother could be killed only by using the horn of a deer or other wild animal. then the brothers fixed the fighting ground where the battle would begin.
The first turn went to the evil brother, Tawis-karong. He pounded his brother with a bag of beans. He beat him until Tijus-kaha was nearly dead. But not quite. He got his strength back, and he chased Tawis-karong. Now it was his turn.
He beat his evil brother with a deer horn. Finally, Tijus-kaha took his brother's life away. But still the evil brother wasn't completely destroyed. "I have gone to the far west," he said. "All the races of men will follow me to the west when they die."
It is the belief of the Hurons to this day. When they die, their spirits go to the far west, where they will dwell forever." (Native American Indian Legends) 

War, War, War, and a little Christianity

In the 1650’s the names of the four clans within Huronia were, Attignaouantan (Bear people), the Attigneenongnahac (Cord people), the Arendahronon (Rock people), and the Tohontaenrat (Atahonta'enrat or Tohonta'enrot, White-eared or Deer people). (Huron Indian Tribe History)

More than traders in their area the Huron received Roman Catholic missionaries to Huronia. Catholicism then went running rampant over the Huron people, as this happened European illnesses went like wild fire over Huronia.

http://www.catholichistory.net/images/Father_marquette_preaching.jpg
One thing that can be found to assist in the fall of the Huron people is the continuing animosity between the original native people of the area that was brought on by the continuing interference of the European people. In the early 18th century there began three major wars that effected the connection between Huron and the European new comers. The Spainish Succession (1702-1713), the Austrian Succession (1744-1748) and the Seven Years War (1754-17630) caused for the native people to have to choose a side and pick wether they would be against the new rulers, the French, or join them in the conquest of the northern part of North America

http://www.cmhg-phmc.gc.ca/cmh/book_images/high/v1_c3_s03_ss00_01.jpg

Population and the First Contact with Europeans

Minnasota State University says that “The Wyandot territory once spanned from the Niagara River on the east, to the St. Claire River and lake to the west, and Lake Erie on the south. The Wyandot nation lived a peaceful life and maintained their vast territory for many years. The population in 1535 numbered between 30,000-45,000. After years of warring and a epidemic in 1640 their population declines to less than 10,000.” (Wyandot)


http://www.wyandottemuseums.org/dotnetnuke/Portals/0/Historical%20Facts/Wyandotte%20(162)%20web.jpg

700 years ago the tribe began creating the long-houses, intended for warmth in the winter and coolness in the summer, as well as walls surrounding their area.

http://www.octavia.net/images/earlyEnglishArchitecture/fyrkatLongHouseExterior.jpg


The new founded Huron nation during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries used the Toronto Passage as a way to gain more hunting ground. During this time as well, some Iroquoians passed through Huronia area and joined their tribes causing Huronia to grow in size. This caused more and more issues for the Huron and the Iroquois because they were fighting over the same area of land to own.


It is believed that the first contact with the Europeans is anywhere between 1600 and 1620. While the ladder being more probable to when the Europeans entered Huronia, instead of early when it would be where a few people from the tribe met some Europeans on trade. The majority of the Huron befriended the French who were robust in the area, this including the infamous Samuel de Champlain, there is a probability that Samuel de Champlain never actually entered Huronia directly, but he must have passed it to attack the Iroquois in 1615. 

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/revolutionary-war/explorers/samuel-de-champlain.jpg

The Beginning

In the beginning, over 11,000 years ago, in the area of Lake Ontario there lived a hunting and gathering tribe, not much is known about this tribe do to the fact that there stomping ground was on the area where the lake is currently. 
As the climate warmed it became easier for the groups to settle down and stay in the area surrounding Lake Ontario. They began 3,000 years ago, catching fish such as salmon, making hunting weapons such as arrows, trading with other native tribes, and growing the Three Sisters; corn, beans and squash on little plots of land outside their homes.



http://www.the-gardeners-calendar.co.uk/tgc2009/images/newsimages/3sisters.jpg


By 1550 goods from the Europeans began reaching the natives, not directly, but through other natives. Not many people in the Lake Ontario area had seen a European of any kind due to their location.